Component

Question 4

Section I Question 4 - 2002 HSC

Description of a body's response to an infection

Question 4

Section I Question 4 - 2001 HSC

Most appropriate investigation to determine the effect of pH on the activity of an enzyme

Question 5

Section I Question 5 - 2001 HSC

Explanation of why boiling preserves the sweet taste of corn kernels

Question 9

Section I Question 9 - 2010 HSC

Conclusion drawn from graphs showing experimental results

Question 10

Section I Question 10 - 2010 HSC

Application of experimental results to the acidity of blood as it circulates in the body

Question 10

Section I Question 10 - 2001 HSC

Genotypes produced during meiosis which includes crossing-over and random segregation of homologous chromosomes

Question 13

Section I Question 13 - 2010 HSC

Correct order of processes involved in replication of DNA

Question 14

Section I Question 14 - 2010 HSC

Determination of type of inheritance shown in a pedigree diagram

Question 14

Section I Question 14 - 2002 HSC

Technique to measure extent of evolutionary relationship between animals

Question 15

Section I Question 15 - 2010 HSC

Reason for change in leaf size as a rainforest vine grows to the top of a tree

Question 16

Section I Question 16 - 2010 HSC

Sequence of events after DNA is subjected to radiation

Question 16

Section I Question 16 - 2002 HSC

Discuss a statement about prevention as a modern method of disease control.

Question 16-18

Section I Question 16-18 - 2001 HSC

16. Validity of survey about genetically modified food. 17. Relationship between a structural feature and the function of an artery. 18. Products extracted from donated blood and reason for development of artificial blood.

Question 17

Section I Question 17 - 2002 HSC

(a) Draw an outline diagram of a transverse section of a plant root. (b) Describe a current theory about the movement of materials through phloem tissue in plants.

Question 18

Section I Question 18 - 2010 HSC

Determination of approximate diameter of a virus

Question 18

Section I Question 18 - 2002 HSC

Describe improvements to the design of an investigation into the relationship between smoking and lung cancer.

Question 19

Section I Question 19 - 2002 HSC

Explain how a process of water treatment reduces the risk of infection from pathogens in drinking water extracted from a lake.

Question 19-21

Section I Question 19-21 - 2001 HSC

19. Procedure followed in a first-hand investion, including safe work practices. 20. Table showing responses of an ectothermic and an endothermic animal to temperature changes. 21. Contribution of two scientists from a list to the understanding of the chromosomal nature of inheritance.

Question 20

Section I Question 20 - 2010 HSC

Sequence of events in an immune response

Question 20

Section I Question 20 - 2002 HSC

Outline how mitosis and cell differentiation assist in the maintenance of health.

Question 21

Section I Question 21 - 2010 HSC

Complete a table showing results of breeding experiments by Mendel and Morgan.

Question 21

Section I Question 21 - 2002 HSC

Describe a first-hand investigation used to estimate the size of red blood cells on a prepared microscope slide.

Question 22

Section I Question 22 - 2010 HSC

(a) Draw a graph to represent data recorded in a table. (b) Explain the impact of human processes on biodiversity.

Question 22

Section I Question 22 - 2002 HSC

Construct a table that lists the possible genotypes and the expected frequency of each genotype that could be produced when three pairs of chromosomes divide by random segregation.

Question 23

Section I Question 23 - 2002 HSC

(a, b) Identify an area in a nephron where filtration and reabsorption occur. (c) Discuss the importance of hormone replacement therapy for people who cannot secrete aldosterone.

Question 24

Section I Question 24 - 2010 HSC

Design an experiment testing how opening a window affects the blood oxygen saturation of people in a room.

Question 24

Section I Question 24 - 2002 HSC

Assess the potential impact on genetic diversity of using disease-free tissue from existing plants to clone banana plants.

Question 25

Section I Question 25 - 2010 HSC

(a) Justify equipment or resources used in a first-hand investigation of a longitudinal section of xylem tissue. (b) Draw a diagram to represent a longitudinal section of xylem tissue and label one characteristic feature.

Question 25

Section I Question 25 - 2002 HSC

(a) Define the concept of punctuated equilibrium in evolution. (b) Explain how punctuated equilibrium differs from the process proposed by Darwin.

Question 25-28

Section I Question 25-28 - 2001 HSC

25. Possible future effects of the widespread use of antibiotics on the spread of disease. 26. Reason for taking immune suppressing drugs following an organ transplant and consequence for patients. 27. Assessment of a statement's validity using graphical data. 28. Impact of scientific understanding and technology on developments in reproductive technologies.

Question 26

Section I Question 26 - 2002 HSC

Describe a first-hand investigation to verify the effects of pH on the colour of hydrangea flowers.

Question 27

Section I Question 27 - 2002 HSC

Evaluate the contributions made by Pasteur and Koch to our present understanding of the causes and possible prevention of infectious diseases.

Question 28

Section II Question 28 - 2010 HSC

(a) Assess the effectiveness of a given model to explain the cause of organ transplant rejection. (b) Outline the role of two types of T lymphocytes in organ rejection.

Question 28

Section II Question 28 - 2002 HSC

(a) Organ of Corti; wavelength, frequency and pitch of a sound; structures used by animals to produce sound. (b) Features of the cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongta; regions of the brain involved in speech. (c) Graph of data and statement of relationship between variables; human eye's ability to focus on objects at different distances. (d) Structures and processes in the retina that transform light into electrochemical signals.

Question 29

Section II Question 29 - 2010 HSC

(a) Using source material provided, identify responses of plants to temperature change. (b) Evaluate relevance and reliability of each source of information.

Question 29

Section II Question 29 - 2001 HSC

(a) Location and function of structures in the eye. (b) Collection and assessment of information on structures used by animals to produce sound. (c) Describe use of technology to overcome effects of cataracts. (d) Justify the procedure and conclusions of an investigation into the process of accommodation. (e) Evaluate the appropriateness of devices that assist people with hearing impairment.

Question 30

Section II Question 30 - 2010 HSC

Using information provided and other relevant knowledge, demonstrate how the practice of biology led to the validation of current theories of evolution.

Question 30

Section II Question 30 - 2002 HSC

(a) Difference between a haploid and a diploid cell; definition and use of linkage to map chromosomes. (b) Description and justification of the design of a model of DNA. (c) Graph of data; definition of polygenic inheritance; comparison with Mendel's pattern of inheritance. (d) Comparison between selective breeding and gene cloning.

Question 31

Section II Question 31 - 2010 HSC

(a) Contruct a table identifying structures used by insects, fish and mammals to detect vibrations. (b) Draw diagrams illustrating vocal folds for high and low pitched notes. (c) Explain the effect of location in the retina on the stucture of cones. Outline the role of rhodopsin in rods. (d) Explain causes for lack of action potentials in part of a mammal's brain. Outline how this condition could change behaviour. (e) Evaluate how understanding of the ear and eye has led to development of 3D images and surround sound systems.

Question 31

Section II Question 31 - 2002 HSC

Question 32

Section II Question 32 - 2002 HSC

(a) Definition of half-life of an isotope; one use of radioisotopes in biochemistry; evidence that increased understanding of photosynthesis. (b) Investigation, including control of variables, to test observations by a listed 17th and 18th century scientist. (c) Graph of data; prediction based on data; reason for action spectrum of photosynthesis not matching that of chlorophyll. (d) Explanation of the role of research in confirming the relationship between ATP production and photosynthesis.

Question 32

Section II Question 32 - 2001 HSC

(a) Mammalian characteristics. Skeletal differences between Homo sapiens and Australopithecus afarensis. (b) Explain how to gather radiometric data to date fossilised material and assess the information for relevance and reliability. (c) Analyse the evolutionary significance of polymorphism in humans. (d) Outline and justify the conclusions of an analysis of similarities and differences between groups of primates. (e) Justify predictions of factors affecting future human evolution.

Question 33

Section II Question 33 - 2010 HSC

(a) Construct a table identifying effects of mutations. (b) Draw diagrams to show similarities and differences between chromosomes in the diploid cell and a haploid cell resulting from meiosis. (c) Predict ratios of phenotypes from a pedigree for linked and non-linked genes. (d) Explain how data can be collected to identify relative position of linked genes. Reasons why human genome project could not be achieved using linkage maps. (e) Evaluate how understanding of gene cloning and gene cascades has led to new applications for technologies.

Question 1

Section I Question 1 - 2010 HSC

Evidence supporting the theory of evolution

Question 1

Section I Question 1 - 2002 HSC

Determination of genotype of garden pea parents, given that 50% of offspring are short

Question 2

Section I Question 2 - 2010 HSC

Method used by Rosalind Franklin during her investigations of the structure of DNA

Question 5

Section I Question 5 - 2010 HSC

Role of the gamete in sexual reproduction

Question 5

Section I Question 5 - 2002 HSC

Table of results showing effect of ultraviolet radiation on antibiotic resistance in a strain of bacteria

Question 6

Section I Question 6 - 2001 HSC

Explanation of why a variety of smaller marsupials has replaced Australian megafauna

Question 7

Section I Question 7 - 2001 HSC

Consequence of a mutation that produces a dominant allele

Question 8

Section I Question 8 - 2001 HSC

Reason for modifying the one gene-one protein hypothesis to one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis

Question 9

Section I Question 9 - 2001 HSC

Identification of an individual's genotype using the family's pattern of inheritance for haemophilia

Question 10

Section I Question 10 - 2001 HSC

Genotypes produced during meiosis which includes crossing-over and random segregation of homologous chromosomes

Question 11

Section I Question 11 - 2010 HSC

Effect of widespread use of artificial insemination on genetic variation in a population

Question 11

Section I Question 11 - 2002 HSC

Mechanism of inheritance for polycystic kidney disease in a family

Question 13

Section I Question 13 - 2010 HSC

Correct order of processes involved in replication of DNA

Question 13

Section I Question 13 - 2002 HSC

Description of the process of hybridisation frequently used in agriculture

Question 14

Section I Question 14 - 2010 HSC

Determination of type of inheritance shown in a pedigree diagram

Question 14

Section I Question 14 - 2002 HSC

Technique to measure extent of evolutionary relationship between animals

Question 15

Section I Question 15 - 2010 HSC

Reason for change in leaf size as a rainforest vine grows to the top of a tree

Question 15

Section I Question 15 - 2002 HSC

Step in DNA replication and protein production in which a mutation would lead to the formation of a new allele

Question 16

Section I Question 16 - 2010 HSC

Sequence of events after DNA is subjected to radiation

Question 19-21

Section I Question 19-21 - 2001 HSC

19. Procedure followed in a first-hand investion, including safe work practices. 20. Table showing responses of an ectothermic and an endothermic animal to temperature changes. 21. Contribution of two scientists from a list to the understanding of the chromosomal nature of inheritance.

Question 21

Section I Question 21 - 2010 HSC

Complete a table showing results of breeding experiments by Mendel and Morgan.

Question 22

Section I Question 22 - 2002 HSC

Construct a table that lists the possible genotypes and the expected frequency of each genotype that could be produced when three pairs of chromosomes divide by random segregation.

Question 22-24

Section I Question 22-24 - 2001 HSC

22a. Effect of cloning on the genetic diversity of a species. 22b. Evolutionary effects of a disease entering an endangered population with some cloned individuals. 23. Explanation of historical practices to increase immunity against smallpox. 24. Relationship between a cause and a symptom of a non-infectious disease.

Question 23

Section I Question 23 - 2010 HSC

(a) Explain using an example why hybridisation within a species is carried out. (b) Use an example of a named transgenic species to discuss the social and environmental impact of hybridisation.

Question 24

Section I Question 24 - 2002 HSC

Assess the potential impact on genetic diversity of using disease-free tissue from existing plants to clone banana plants.

Question 25

Section I Question 25 - 2002 HSC

(a) Define the concept of punctuated equilibrium in evolution. (b) Explain how punctuated equilibrium differs from the process proposed by Darwin.

Question 25-28

Section I Question 25-28 - 2001 HSC

25. Possible future effects of the widespread use of antibiotics on the spread of disease. 26. Reason for taking immune suppressing drugs following an organ transplant and consequence for patients. 27. Assessment of a statement's validity using graphical data. 28. Impact of scientific understanding and technology on developments in reproductive technologies.

Question 26

Section I Question 26 - 2002 HSC

Describe a first-hand investigation to verify the effects of pH on the colour of hydrangea flowers.

Question 30

Section II Question 30 - 2010 HSC

Using information provided and other relevant knowledge, demonstrate how the practice of biology led to the validation of current theories of evolution.

Question 1

Section I Question 1 - 2001 HSC

Advantage of a desert animal producing very concentrated urine

Question 2

Section I Question 2 - 2002 HSC

Homeostatic response produced by a sudden and prolonged decrease in ambient temperature

Question 2

Section I Question 2 - 2001 HSC

Role of ADH (vasopressin)

Question 3

Section I Question 3 - 2002 HSC

Conclusion drawn from a graph of different species of bacteria and their reproductive rates at different temperatures

Question 3

Section I Question 3 - 2001 HSC

Missing element in a flowchart representing homeostasis in an endotherm

Question 4

Section I Question 4 - 2010 HSC

Comparison between urine of marine and freshwater fish

Question 4

Section I Question 4 - 2001 HSC

Most appropriate investigation to determine the effect of pH on the activity of an enzyme

Question 5

Section I Question 5 - 2001 HSC

Explanation of why boiling preserves the sweet taste of corn kernels

Question 6

Section I Question 6 - 2010 HSC

Mechanism that triggers a response to return salt concentration of interstitial fluids to a set value

Question 6

Section I Question 6 - 2002 HSC

Reason why waste removal is necessary for metabolic activity to continue in cells

Question 7

Section I Question 7 - 2002 HSC

Identification of correct information in a table showing concentration of urine for different organisms

Question 8

Section I Question 8 - 2010 HSC

Changes in concentrations of glucose, urea and protein as fluid moves through a nephron

Question 9

Section I Question 9 - 2010 HSC

Conclusion drawn from graphs showing experimental results

Question 10

Section I Question 10 - 2010 HSC

Application of experimental results to the acidity of blood as it circulates in the body

Question 12

Section I Question 12 - 2010 HSC

Method of transportation of lipids in mammalian blood

Question 16-18

Section I Question 16-18 - 2001 HSC

16. Validity of survey about genetically modified food. 17. Relationship between a structural feature and the function of an artery. 18. Products extracted from donated blood and reason for development of artificial blood.

Question 17

Section I Question 17 - 2002 HSC

(a) Draw an outline diagram of a transverse section of a plant root. (b) Describe a current theory about the movement of materials through phloem tissue in plants.

Question 19-21

Section I Question 19-21 - 2001 HSC

19. Procedure followed in a first-hand investion, including safe work practices. 20. Table showing responses of an ectothermic and an endothermic animal to temperature changes. 21. Contribution of two scientists from a list to the understanding of the chromosomal nature of inheritance.

Question 21

Section I Question 21 - 2002 HSC

Describe a first-hand investigation used to estimate the size of red blood cells on a prepared microscope slide.

Question 23

Section I Question 23 - 2002 HSC

(a, b) Identify an area in a nephron where filtration and reabsorption occur. (c) Discuss the importance of hormone replacement therapy for people who cannot secrete aldosterone.

Question 24

Section I Question 24 - 2010 HSC

Design an experiment testing how opening a window affects the blood oxygen saturation of people in a room.

Question 25

Section I Question 25 - 2010 HSC

(a) Justify equipment or resources used in a first-hand investigation of a longitudinal section of xylem tissue. (b) Draw a diagram to represent a longitudinal section of xylem tissue and label one characteristic feature.

Question 29

Section II Question 29 - 2010 HSC

(a) Using source material provided, identify responses of plants to temperature change. (b) Evaluate relevance and reliability of each source of information.

Question 32

Section II Question 32 - 2002 HSC

(a) Definition of half-life of an isotope; one use of radioisotopes in biochemistry; evidence that increased understanding of photosynthesis. (b) Investigation, including control of variables, to test observations by a listed 17th and 18th century scientist. (c) Graph of data; prediction based on data; reason for action spectrum of photosynthesis not matching that of chlorophyll. (d) Explanation of the role of research in confirming the relationship between ATP production and photosynthesis.

Question 28

Section II Question 28 - 2002 HSC

(a) Organ of Corti; wavelength, frequency and pitch of a sound; structures used by animals to produce sound. (b) Features of the cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongta; regions of the brain involved in speech. (c) Graph of data and statement of relationship between variables; human eye's ability to focus on objects at different distances. (d) Structures and processes in the retina that transform light into electrochemical signals.

Question 29

Section II Question 29 - 2001 HSC

(a) Location and function of structures in the eye. (b) Collection and assessment of information on structures used by animals to produce sound. (c) Describe use of technology to overcome effects of cataracts. (d) Justify the procedure and conclusions of an investigation into the process of accommodation. (e) Evaluate the appropriateness of devices that assist people with hearing impairment.

Question 31

Section II Question 31 - 2010 HSC

(a) Contruct a table identifying structures used by insects, fish and mammals to detect vibrations. (b) Draw diagrams illustrating vocal folds for high and low pitched notes. (c) Explain the effect of location in the retina on the stucture of cones. Outline the role of rhodopsin in rods. (d) Explain causes for lack of action potentials in part of a mammal's brain. Outline how this condition could change behaviour. (e) Evaluate how understanding of the ear and eye has led to development of 3D images and surround sound systems.

Question 30

Section II Question 30 - 2002 HSC

(a) Difference between a haploid and a diploid cell; definition and use of linkage to map chromosomes. (b) Description and justification of the design of a model of DNA. (c) Graph of data; definition of polygenic inheritance; comparison with Mendel's pattern of inheritance. (d) Comparison between selective breeding and gene cloning.

Question 33

Section II Question 33 - 2010 HSC

(a) Construct a table identifying effects of mutations. (b) Draw diagrams to show similarities and differences between chromosomes in the diploid cell and a haploid cell resulting from meiosis. (c) Predict ratios of phenotypes from a pedigree for linked and non-linked genes. (d) Explain how data can be collected to identify relative position of linked genes. Reasons why human genome project could not be achieved using linkage maps. (e) Evaluate how understanding of gene cloning and gene cascades has led to new applications for technologies.

Question 31

Section II Question 31 - 2002 HSC

Question 32

Section II Question 32 - 2001 HSC

(a) Mammalian characteristics. Skeletal differences between Homo sapiens and Australopithecus afarensis. (b) Explain how to gather radiometric data to date fossilised material and assess the information for relevance and reliability. (c) Analyse the evolutionary significance of polymorphism in humans. (d) Outline and justify the conclusions of an analysis of similarities and differences between groups of primates. (e) Justify predictions of factors affecting future human evolution.

Question 3

Section I Question 3 - 2010 HSC

Method by which the cilia prevent the entry of pathogens into the human body

Question 4

Section I Question 4 - 2002 HSC

Description of a body's response to an infection

Question 7

Section I Question 7 - 2010 HSC

Koch's contribution to an understanding of disease

Question 8

Section I Question 8 - 2002 HSC

Identification of a disease which can be appropriately treated by antibiotics

Question 9

Section I Question 9 - 2002 HSC

Example of quarantine used to control the spread of disease in Australia

Question 10

Section I Question 10 - 2002 HSC

Problem caused by over-use of antibiotics leading to resistant strains of pathogens

Question 11

Section I Question 11 - 2001 HSC

Best way of making creek water safe to drink

Question 12

Section I Question 12 - 2002 HSC

Reason for lack of tissue rejection in transplantation patient

Question 12

Section I Question 12 - 2001 HSC

Reason for quarantine of horses arriving in Australia

Question 13

Section I Question 13 - 2001 HSC

A possible immune response to a pathogen

Question 14

Section I Question 14 - 2001 HSC

Reason for immunisation limiting the spread of infectious diseases

Question 15

Section I Question 15 - 2001 HSC

Strategy to determine whether an identified bacterium in the blood of sick animals is the cause of their disease

Question 16

Section I Question 16 - 2002 HSC

Discuss a statement about prevention as a modern method of disease control.

Question 17

Section I Question 17 - 2010 HSC

Feature of prions that distinguishes them from all other types of pathogens

Question 18

Section I Question 18 - 2010 HSC

Determination of approximate diameter of a virus

Question 18

Section I Question 18 - 2002 HSC

Describe improvements to the design of an investigation into the relationship between smoking and lung cancer.

Question 19

Section I Question 19 - 2010 HSC

Observation that helped develop a model for the transmission of malaria

Question 19

Section I Question 19 - 2002 HSC

Explain how a process of water treatment reduces the risk of infection from pathogens in drinking water extracted from a lake.

Question 20

Section I Question 20 - 2010 HSC

Sequence of events in an immune response

Question 20

Section I Question 20 - 2002 HSC

Outline how mitosis and cell differentiation assist in the maintenance of health.

Question 22

Section I Question 22 - 2010 HSC

(a) Draw a graph to represent data recorded in a table. (b) Explain the impact of human processes on biodiversity.

Question 22-24

Section I Question 22-24 - 2001 HSC

22a. Effect of cloning on the genetic diversity of a species. 22b. Evolutionary effects of a disease entering an endangered population with some cloned individuals. 23. Explanation of historical practices to increase immunity against smallpox. 24. Relationship between a cause and a symptom of a non-infectious disease.

Question 25-28

Section I Question 25-28 - 2001 HSC

25. Possible future effects of the widespread use of antibiotics on the spread of disease. 26. Reason for taking immune suppressing drugs following an organ transplant and consequence for patients. 27. Assessment of a statement's validity using graphical data. 28. Impact of scientific understanding and technology on developments in reproductive technologies.

Question 27

Section I Question 27 - 2010 HSC

(a) Outline examples of effective quarantine regulations. (b) Explain why this method is effective for one example.

Question 27

Section I Question 27 - 2002 HSC

Evaluate the contributions made by Pasteur and Koch to our present understanding of the causes and possible prevention of infectious diseases.

Question 28

Section II Question 28 - 2010 HSC

(a) Assess the effectiveness of a given model to explain the cause of organ transplant rejection. (b) Outline the role of two types of T lymphocytes in organ rejection.