Component

Component: The Acidic Environment

Question 5

Question 5

Written Paper Section I Question 5 - 2001 HSC

Substance that contributes most to the pH of unpolluted rainwater

Question 6

Question 6

Written Paper Section I Question 6 - 2002 HSC

Identify an amphiprotic chemical using its formula

Question 6

Question 6

Written Paper Section I Question 6 - 2001 HSC

Using a graph of colour ranges of three acid-base indicators and the colour of a solution in each indicator, identify the pH range of the solution.

Question 7

Question 7

Written Paper Section I Question 7 - 2002 HSC

Reason for Brönsted's-Lowry's definition of acids being a significant improvement over earlier definitions

Question 7

Question 7

Written Paper Section I Question 7 - 2001 HSC

Identification of common household acidic substance

Question 8

Question 8

Written Paper Section I Question 8 - 2002 HSC

Substance used to rinse each piece of glassware used in a titration

Question 8

Question 8

Written Paper Section I Question 8 - 2001 HSC

Given the equation for the burning of sulphur, calculate the volume of sulphur dioxide produced at 25° and 101.3kPa. (Note that molar volume is now reported using a pressure of 100kPa.)

Question 9

Question 9

Written Paper Section I Question 9 - 2002 HSC

Four sequenced steps required for making an ester in a flask

Question 9

Question 9

Written Paper Section I Question 9 - 2001 HSC

Prediction that can be made using Le Chatelier's principle

Question 10

Question 10

Written Paper Section I Question 10 - 2002 HSC

Identify an equation representing esterification

Question 10

Question 10

Written Paper Section I Question 10 - 2001 HSC

Given two equations describing the reactions in the formation of acid rain, identify what would occur if solid sodium sulfate were added to a sample of acid rain.

Student Responses (15)

Band 5/6 response 1 Band 5/6 response 2 Band 5/6 response 3 Band 4/5 response 1 Band 4/5 response 2 Band 4/5 response 3 Band 3/4 response 1 Band 3/4 response 2 Band 3/4 response 3 Band 2/3 response 1 Band 2/3 response 2 Band 2/3 response 3 Band 1/2 response 1 Band 1/2 response 2 Band 1/2 response 3

Question 19-21

Question 19-21

Written Paper Section I Question 19-21 - 2001 HSC

19. Name and evaluate the effect of a type of galvanic cell in terms of chemistry and impact on society. 20(a) State one way in which pH can be measured. (b) Explain why solutions of equal concentrations of hydrochloric acid and citric acid have different pH values. 21(a) Name the type of reaction when barium hydroxide and sulfuric acid react. (b) Explain the changes shown in a graph measuring the conductivity of a sample of barium hydroxide when titrated with sulfuric acid. (Note that part (b) is not in the current course.)

Student Responses (16)

Exemplary response 1 Band 5/6 response 1 Band 5/6 response 2 Band 5/6 response 3 Band 4/5 response 1 Band 4/5 response 2 Band 4/5 response 3 Band 3/4 response 1 Band 3/4 response 2 Band 3/4 response 3 Band 2/3 response 1 Band 2/3 response 2 Band 2/3 response 3 Band 1/2 response 1 Band 1/2 response 2 Band 1/2 response 3

Question 20

Question 20

Written Paper Section I Question 20 - 2002 HSC

(a) Identify a common household base. (b) Assess the validity of a conclusion that all colourless solutions tested in an experiment were basic, using a table of results and a table of indicator colours at various pH levels.

Student Responses (13)

Band 5/6 response 1 Band 5/6 response 2 Band 5/6 response 3 Band 4/5 response 1 Band 4/5 response 2 Band 4/5 response 3 Band 3/4 response 1 Band 3/4 response 2 Band 2/3 response 1 Band 2/3 response 2 Band 1/2 response 1 Band 1/2 response 2 Band 1/2 response 3

Question 21

Question 21

Written Paper Section I Question 21 - 2010 HSC

Explain why solutions of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid with different concentrations have the same pH.

Student Responses (16)

Exemplary response 1 Band 5/6 response 1 Band 5/6 response 2 Band 5/6 response 3 Band 4/5 response 1 Band 4/5 response 2 Band 4/5 response 3 Band 3/4 response 1 Band 3/4 response 2 Band 3/4 response 3 Band 2/3 response 1 Band 2/3 response 2 Band 2/3 response 3 Band 1/2 response 1 Band 1/2 response 2 Band 1/2 response 3

Question 21

Question 21

Written Paper Section I Question 21 - 2002 HSC

Evaluate the impact of industrial sources of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides on the environment, making use of appropriate chemical equations.

Student Responses (12)

Band 5/6 response 1 Band 5/6 response 2 Band 5/6 response 3 Band 4/5 response 1 Band 4/5 response 2 Band 3/4 response 1 Band 3/4 response 2 Band 3/4 response 3 Band 2/3 response 1 Band 2/3 response 2 Band 2/3 response 3 Band 1/2 response 1

Question 22

Question 22

Written Paper Section I Question 22 - 2010 HSC

(a) Name a common use for the class of compounds to which methyl propanoate belongs. (b) Explain why reflux is necessary in the production of methyl propanoate. (c) Name and draw the structural formulae of the two reactants used to prepare methyl propanoate.

Student Responses (16)

Exemplary response 1 Band 5/6 response 1 Band 5/6 response 2 Band 5/6 response 3 Band 4/5 response 1 Band 4/5 response 2 Band 4/5 response 3 Band 3/4 response 1 Band 3/4 response 2 Band 3/4 response 3 Band 2/3 response 1 Band 2/3 response 2 Band 2/3 response 3 Band 1/2 response 1 Band 1/2 response 2 Band 1/2 response 3

Question 22

Question 22

Written Paper Section I Question 22 - 2002 HSC

(a) Calculate the pH of a hydrochloric acid solution, given equal concentrations of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and acetic acid and a known pH for the acetic acid. (b) Compare the pH values of the sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid solutions. (c) Explain why the acetic acid solution has a higher pH than the hydrochloric acid solution.

Student Responses (15)

Band 5/6 response 1 Band 5/6 response 2 Band 5/6 response 3 Band 4/5 response 1 Band 4/5 response 2 Band 4/5 response 3 Band 3/4 response 1 Band 3/4 response 2 Band 3/4 response 3 Band 2/3 response 1 Band 2/3 response 2 Band 2/3 response 3 Band 1/2 response 1 Band 1/2 response 2 Band 1/2 response 3

Question 22-24

Question 22-24

Written Paper Section I Question 22-24 - 2001 HSC

22. Justify the procedure used to prepare an ester in a school laboratory and include relevant chemical equations. 23(a) State Brönsted-Lowry's definition of a base. (b) Calculate the molar mass of a base in a household cleaning agent. 24(a) State a use of ammonia other than as a cleaning agent. (b) State the effect on the yield of the Haber Process when ammonia is liquefied. (c) Explain why it is essential to monitor temperature and pressure inside the reaction vessel when producing ammonia.

Student Responses (16)

Exemplary response 1 Band 5/6 response 1 Band 5/6 response 2 Band 5/6 response 3 Band 4/5 response 1 Band 4/5 response 2 Band 4/5 response 3 Band 3/4 response 1 Band 3/4 response 2 Band 3/4 response 3 Band 2/3 response 1 Band 2/3 response 2 Band 2/3 response 3 Band 1/2 response 1 Band 1/2 response 2 Band 1/2 response 3

Question 23

Question 23

Written Paper Section I Question 23 - 2002 HSC

(a) Identify the gas released when the cap is removed from a bottle of soft drink. (b) Given a graph showing how the mass of cap, bottle and contents changes over time, calculate the volume of gas released at 25°C and 101.3kPa (Note: since 2003 HSC, molar volume is expressed at 100kPa).

Student Responses (15)

Band 5/6 response 1 Band 5/6 response 2 Band 5/6 response 3 Band 4/5 response 1 Band 4/5 response 2 Band 4/5 response 3 Band 3/4 response 1 Band 3/4 response 2 Band 3/4 response 3 Band 2/3 response 1 Band 2/3 response 2 Band 2/3 response 3 Band 1/2 response 1 Band 1/2 response 2 Band 1/2 response 3

Question 25-27

Question 25-27

Written Paper Section I Question 25-27 - 2001 HSC

25. Explain the need for monitoring the products of a chemical reaction such as combustion. 26(a) Draw a graph using a fixed scale and data about lead concentrations. (b) Use the graph to interpret data. (c) State an hypothesis to account for variation in lead concentration observed. 27. Use a graph showing how ozone concentration changes with altitude to compare the environmental effects of the presence of ozone in the upper and lower atmosphere.

Student Responses (10)

Band 5/6 response 1 Band 5/6 response 2 Band 4/5 response 1 Band 4/5 response 2 Band 3/4 response 1 Band 3/4 response 2 Band 2/3 response 1 Band 2/3 response 2 Band 2/3 response 3 Band 1/2 response 1

Question 26

Question 26

Written Paper Section I Question 26 - 2010 HSC

Calculate the volume of gas produced at 25°C and 100kPa when 10g of zinc is placed in 0.50 L of 0.2mol L-1 nitric acid.

Student Responses (15)

Band 5/6 response 1 Band 5/6 response 2 Band 5/6 response 3 Band 4/5 response 1 Band 4/5 response 2 Band 4/5 response 3 Band 3/4 response 1 Band 3/4 response 2 Band 3/4 response 3 Band 2/3 response 1 Band 2/3 response 2 Band 2/3 response 3 Band 1/2 response 1 Band 1/2 response 2 Band 1/2 response 3

Question 28

Question 28

Written Paper Section I Question 28 - 2010 HSC

Describe identified steps in a titration flowchart to determine the concentration of an unknown hydrochloric acid solution. Determine the concentration of hydrochloric acid used, given volume and concentration of a sodium carbonate standard solution.

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